Kuva nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ikibazo cy’abarwanyi ba FDLR batera u Rwanda bakanabuza amahoro Akarere k’
ibiyaga bigari cyakomeje kuvugwa kenshi ariko ntikibonerwe umuti uhamye mu buryo burambye.
Mu gitekerezo cyanditswe n’Impuguke mu bya Politiki, Manzi Bakuramutsa, yagaragaje ukuri kwihishe inyuma yo kuba uyu mutwe udashobora gutsinsurwa n’abategerejweho ubu bushobozi, anerekana ko iki kibazo gikwiye kurekerwa u Rwanda kuko bamwe mu bavuga ko bashyigikiye irandurwa ry’uyu mutwe ari na bo bafite inyungu bawukuraho.
Ese koko FDLR yaba ishaka gutaha mu Rwanda? Yataha mu buhe buryo?
Umuzi n’imiterere bya FDLR
Umutwe wa FDLR ushibuka kuri Politiki y’u Bufaransa yafashije Lrta y’u Rwanda (kubwa ubuyobozi bwa Juvénal Habyariman) yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, ndetse bukanaha intwaro ku basirikare bahungiye muri Zaire (yahindutse RDC) ihe yari ikiyobowe na Maréchal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga.
Kuva kera, u Bufaransa bwahoze bwiteze ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yari igiyeho nyuma ya Jenoside itazaramba ikigarurirwa n’abo bwari bugikomeyeho kandi bunafasha.
Amarembera ya Mobutu na Zaire yahaye rugari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yayobowe na Mzee Laurent Desiré Kabila n’umuhungu we Joseph Kabila, bombi bagiye bifashisha FDLR nk’imbaraga zo gucunga umutekano kuko igisirikare cya RDC cyabaga gifite intege nke kitanizewe mu guhangana n’indi mitwe yajyaga ivuka uko bukeye n’uko bwije, hirya no hino muri Congo-Kinshasa.
Abasirikare bakuru bo muri Congo babonye imbaraga za FDLR zanabafashaga mu bikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe. Kubera ubushobozi uyu mutwe wari wongerewe byabaye ngombwa ko utangira kwigurira intwaro ndetse ukora n’imishinga ifatika mu mahanga, nk’amakompanyi atwara abagenzi n’andi menshi mu bihugu byo muri Afurika, hakaba n’imitungo yaguzwe na FDLR mu Burayi.
Ibihugu bifite amakompanyi y’uyu mutwe menshi muri Afurika bivugwaho kuba ari ibihuriye mu Muryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu by’Afurika yo mu Majyepfo (SADC).
Muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), inyeshyamba za FDLR ntiziri mu mishinga yagutse kandi yunguka gusa, ahubwo zinasangira byinshi n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bazahajwe na ruswa.
Ibi ni bimwe mu byatumye izi nyeshyamba ziba ubukombe ntizanakurikiranwa nubwo zishinjwa ibyaha ndengakamere n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu, nk’ubwicanyi, gufata ku ngufu abagore n’abana, ubusahuzi n’ibindi.
Birumvikana ko muri RDC, abarwanyi ba FDLR ntibakorwaho; buri wese azi ububi bwayo, abaturage barayivuma ariko nta n’umwe wagira icyo akora.
Si Guverinoma ya RDC izambura intwaro uyu mutwe, mu gihe uyikorera rimwe na rimwe nk’abahashyi, ubundi ukifashishwa mu gucunga umutekano cyangwa se nk’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Loni imaze igihe yiruka inyuma ya FDLR
Ingabo ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro bwa Loni muri RDC (MONUSCO) ntizigeze zakira itegeko ry’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’Umuryango w’abibumbye, cyangwa ubwa Leta ya RDC, bwo kugaba ibitero kuri uyu mutwe.
MONUSCO ikora nk’aho iri mu kiruhuko yafashe amahirwe yo gukora ubucuruzi na FDLR, igurana ibikoresho bya gisirkare n’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ku ruhande rw’ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Loni), Hervé Ladsous wafashije guverinoma yakoze Jenoside ni na we wahagarariye u Bufaransa bwagiye bushyigikira FDLR mu bya dipolomasi; uyu ni na we wahagarariye u Bufaransa mu Kanama ka Loni Gashinzwe Umutekano ku Isi aho yagizwe umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ingabo zijya mu butumwa bw’amahoro.
Ku mbaraga zidasanzwe, uyu muyobozi w’ingabo za Loni yatanze ibishoboka byose ngo umutwe wa M23 urandurwe burundu, kandi ari umutwe waharaniraga ko uburenganzira bwakubahirizwa ku baturage warindaga. ]o[Mu gihe FDLR imaze imyaka irenga 20, ntashobora kuzamura urutoki rwe arutunga abakekwaho ibyaha by’igihe kirekire byatwaye ubuzima bw’abantu bikanangiza ubukungu bw’Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Bityo, biragoye kwiringira ububasha bwa Loni n’abayobozi bayo mu kwambura intwaro FDLR.
Ibihugu bya SADC byaryohewe no gukorana na FDLR
Kuri ubu ibihugu bigize SADC byinjiye mu idosiye y’irandurwa rya FDLR. Igiteye amatsiko ni uko ibyinshi muri ibi bihugu byafashe intera ndende mu gukorana n’inyeshyamba. Bimwe muri byo byinjiye mu bucukuzi bw’amabue y’agaciro butemewe muri RDC aho bihurira na FDLR.
Ibi bihugu bigerageza gutera icyuhagiro uyu mutwe no gushora byinshi ngo umenyekane nk’uwemewe mu bya politiki. Mu gihe gishize abayobozi b’uyu mutwe bagize uruzinduko muri Tanzania aho bashobora kuba barahawe n’intwaro n’ubundi bufaha mu bya dipolomasi, nk’uko byavuzwe na Loni.
Bivugwa ko bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba Tanzania binjiye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri RDC no mu bindi bikorwa bahuriramo na FDLR bakabifatanya. Ibi bisobanuye ko mu by’ukuri atari Tanzania yazakwifashishwa mu kurasa kuri uyu mutwe mu gihe ihora ishyigikiye ibikorwa birwanya Leta y’u Rwanda.
Na none kandi si Afurika y’Epfo iyoboye SADC; inama y’ikubagahu Jacob Zuma aheruka gutumiza ngo izaterane ku ya 15 na 16 Mutarama ifite intego yo gukerereza ishyirwa mu bikorwa no guhindura itariki ntarengwa yashyiriweho uyu mutwe ikaba yararangiye ntihagire igikorwa.
Abakorana bya hafi na perezida Zuma bashoye byinshi ku butaka bwa Congo. Birumvikana ko intumbero ya ba Perezida Zuma na Kikwete kuri FDLR n’uruhare bagira ari bimwe, cyane ko intego yabo ihuza cyane ku birebana n’u Rwanda.
Inzira nyayo yo kurandura uyu mutwe burundu ni ugufata no gufunga abayobozi bawo bakaryozwa ibyaha bya Jenoside. Nyamara, aba bayobozi bashakishwa n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ubw’u Rwanda bemerewe kwidegembya mu bihugu bikomeye mu guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nk’u Butaliyani, u Budage, u Bufaransa, Espagne n’ibindi. “Baragenda bakagaruka ntacyo bishisha.”
Mbere, mu gihe cya Jenoside na nyuma yayo, aba bayobozi n’abayoboke babo bakomeje kubona ubufasha burututse i Vatican no mu Burayi, ndetse bagiye banabona ahandi henshi bakura inyungu muri Afurika.
Uru ruhererekene rw’ubushobozi babona bwabafashije kuzengurukana umutungo ufatika batibagiwe n’ubukangurambaga bwa politiki yabo y’urwango no gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside [...] Ibi byerekana ko hari ubufasha buhabwa FDLR buturutse mu witwa ko ari Umuryango Mpuzamahanga.
Bafasha FDLR mu kuyigarurira isura nshya
Ukuri kubabaje ni uko abarwanyi ba FDLR babona ubufasha bw’umubare runaka w’Abanyarwanda bagize uruhare muri Jenoside batagifite ibyo baramira. Aba bafitanye ubufatanye bukomeye n’abanyapolitiki b’Abafaransa ndetse n’ab’Ababiligi badashaka kwemera uruhare mu gufasha guverinoma yiyiciye abaturage.
Mu Burayi, bimwe mu bihugu byinshi byafashaga iterambere ry’u Rwanda byisanze bifasha abakoze Jenoside bitabanje gutekereza ku ngaruka bizagira; imiryango n’ibigo mpuzamahanga idaharanira inyungu byinshi nabyo biri muri aka gatebo.
Muri iyi miryango harimo umuryango w’Abasuwisi wagiraga inama ibiro bya Perezida Habyarimana mbere ya Jenoside, kaminuza z’Ababiligi n’iza Canada ugategura intiti z’u Rwanda zivugwaho ko zavuyemo izayoboye ibikorwa byinshi bya Jenoside. Uyu muryango ntushobora kwakira ko abantu watoje bahindutse inyamaswa z’ikinyejana cya 20.
Ku bijyanye n’amadini, hari abantu benshi bakoze ubwicanyi ariko bakomeje gukingirwa ikibaba kugira ngo hatangirika isura y’amadini bakoreye cyangwa bagikorera.
Muri make, u Rwanda ni no rwonyine rushobora gukoresha ubushobozi rufite mu gukemura ikibazo cya FDLR kuko nta kindi gihugu cyo mu karere cyangwa Umuryango Mpuzamahanga byagirirwa icyizere hagendewe ku bufatanye na FDLR bivugwaho … N’ingufu za gisirikare zonyine ntizihagije, diplolamsi n’ubabubanyi n’amahanga nabyo bifite umwanya wabyo muri uru rugamba.
Ikibazo gikomeye umuntu yakwibaza ni: Ese koko FDLR irashaka gutaha mu Rwanda?
